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KOSHER DELIGHT - YOUR JEWISH ONLINE MAGAZINE!
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PANAMA |
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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT PANAMA:
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Background:
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With
US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly
signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a
canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of
the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built
by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. On 7
September 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer
of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of 1999. Certain
portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal
were turned over in the intervening years. With US help, dictator
Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the
area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were
turned over to Panama by or on 31 December 1999.
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Location:
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Central
America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific
Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica |
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Geographic coordinates:
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9
00 N, 80 00 W |
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Map references:
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Central
America and the Caribbean |
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Area:
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total:
78,200 sq km
land: 75,990 sq km
water: 2,210 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly
smaller than South Carolina |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
555 km
border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km |
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Coastline:
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2,490
km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial
sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
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Climate:
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tropical
maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to
January), short dry season (January to May) |
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Terrain:
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interior
mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains;
coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m |
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Natural resources:
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copper,
mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 7.36%
permanent crops: 1.98%
other: 90.66% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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320
sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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occasional
severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area |
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Environment - current issues:
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water
pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources;
deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil
erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in
urban areas; mining threatens natural resources |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation |
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Geography - note:
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strategic
location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting
North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North
Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean
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Population:
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3,039,150
(July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 29.8% (male 460,840/female 443,359)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 984,558/female 956,748)
65 years and over: 6.4% (male 91,383/female 102,262) (2005
est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
26.18 years
male: 25.89 years
female: 26.48 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.26%
(2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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19.96
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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6.54
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-0.86
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
20.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 71.94 years
male: 69.67 years
female: 74.31 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.45
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.9%
(2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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16,000
(2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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less
than 500 (2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Panamanian(s)
adjective: Panamanian |
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Ethnic groups:
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mestizo
(mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West
Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6% |
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Religions:
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Roman
Catholic 85%, Protestant 15% |
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Languages:
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Spanish
(official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians bilingual |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.6%
male: 93.2%
female: 91.9% (2003 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: Republic of Panama
conventional short form: Panama
local long form: Republica de Panama
local short form: Panama |
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Government type:
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constitutional
democracy |
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Capital:
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Panama |
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Administrative divisions:
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9
provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 territory* (comarca);
Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los
Santos, Panama, San Blas*(Kuna Yala), and Veraguas |
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Independence:
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3
November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28
November 1821) |
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National holiday:
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Independence
Day, 3 November (1903) |
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Constitution:
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11
October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004 |
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Legal system:
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based
on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the
Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18
years of age; universal and compulsory |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since 1 September
2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro (since 1
September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA Valdes
(since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the chief
of state and head of government
head of government: President Martin TORRIJOS Espino (since
1 September 2004); First Vice President Samuel LEWIS Navarro
(since 1 September 2004); Second Vice President Ruben AROSEMENA
Valdes (since 1 September 2004); note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president and vice presidents elected on the
same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last
held 2 May 2004 (next to be held 3 May 2009); note - beginning in
2009, Panama will have only one vice president.
election results: Martin TORRIJOS Espino elected president;
percent of vote - Martin TORRIJOS Espino 47.5%, Guillermo ENDARA
Galimany 30.6%, Jose Miguel ALEMAN 17%, Ricardo MARTINELLI 4.9%
note: government coalition - PRD (Democratic Revolutionary
Party), PP (Popular Party) |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral
National Assembly (formerly called Legislative Assembly) or
Asamblea Nacional (78 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve five-year terms; note - in 2009, the number of seats will
change to 71)
elections: last held 2 May 2004 (next to be held 3 May
2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - PRD 40, PA 17, PS 8, MOLIRENA 3, CD 2, PP 2, PLN 1, other
5
note: legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen
on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous
towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a
proportion-based formula |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme
Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges
appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts
of appeal |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Democratic
Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party
or PRD [Martin TORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Anibal
GALINDO]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA
[Jesus ROSAS]; Panamenista Party or PA (formerly the Arnulfista
Party) [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez]; Popular Party or PP
(formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) [Ruben AROSEMENA];
Solidarity Party or PS [Jose Raul MULINO] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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Chamber
of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council of Organized
Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP;
National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS);
Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE; Panamanian
Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the
Republic of Panama or CTRP |
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International organization participation:
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FAO,
G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES,
LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Federico HUMBERT Arias
chancery: 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 483-1407
FAX: [1] (202) 483-8416
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Houston, Miami, New Orleans,
New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico),
Tampa |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Linda Ellen WATT
embassy: Avenida Balboa and Calle 37, Apartado Postal
0816-02561, Zona 5, Panama City 5
mailing address: American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945, APO AA
34002
telephone: [507] 207-7000
FAX: [507] 227-1964 |
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Flag description:
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divided
into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist
side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red;
the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a
red five-pointed star in the center
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Economy - overview:
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Panama's
dollarised economy rests primarily on a well-developed services
sector that accounts for four-fifths of GDP. Services include
operating the Panama Canal, banking, the Colon Free Zone,
insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism. A
slump in Colon Free Zone and agricultural exports, the global
slowdown, and the withdrawal of US military forces held back
economic growth in 2000-03; growth picked up in 2004 led by
export-oriented services and a construction boom stimulated by tax
incentives. The government has been backing tax reforms, reform of
the social security program, new regional trade agreements, and
development of tourism. Unemployment remains high. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$20.57
billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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6%
(2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing
power parity - $6,900 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
7.2%
industry: 13%
services: 79.8% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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1.32
million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of
unskilled labor (2004 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture
20.8%, industry 18%, services 61.2% (1995 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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12.6%
(2004 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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37%
(1999 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by
percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 35.7% (1997) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini
index:
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48.5
(1997) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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2%
(2004 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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25%
of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$3.095 billion
expenditures: $3.737 billion, including capital
expenditures of $471 million (2004 est.) |
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Public debt:
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69.2%
of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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bananas,
rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; shrimp |
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Industries:
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construction,
brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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5.4%
(2004 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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4.873
billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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4.473
billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports:
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120
million kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports:
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61
million kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production:
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0
bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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40,520
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA |
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Oil - imports:
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NA |
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Current account balance:
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$-469.6
million (2004 est.) |
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Exports:
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$5.699
billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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bananas,
shrimp, sugar, coffee, clothing (1999) |
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Exports - partners:
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US
50.5%, Sweden 6.6%, Spain 5.1%, Netherlands 4.4%, Costa Rica 4.2%
(2004) |
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Imports:
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$7.164
billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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capital
goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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US
33.3%, Netherlands Antilles 8.1%, Japan 6%, Costa Rica 5.7%,
Mexico 4.6%, Colombia 4.2% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$1.076
billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$8.78
billion (2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$197.1
million (1995) |
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Currency (code):
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balboa
(PAB); US dollar (USD) |
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Exchange rates:
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balboas
per US dollar - 1 (2004), 1 (2003), 1 (2002), 1 (2001), 1 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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386,900
(2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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834,000
(2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: domestic and international facilities well
developed
domestic: NA
international: country code - 507; 1 coaxial submarine
cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean);
connected to the Central American Microwave System |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM
101, FM 134, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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38
(including repeaters) (1998) |
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Internet country code:
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.pa |
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Internet hosts:
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7,129
(2003) |
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Internet users:
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120,000
(2002)
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Railways:
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total:
355 km
standard gauge: 76 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 279 km 0.914-m gauge (2004) |
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Highways:
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total:
11,643 km
paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.) |
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Waterways:
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800
km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2004) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Balboa,
Colon, Cristobal |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
5,005 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 122,960,929 GRT/183,615,337 DWT
by type: barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 1,548, cargo 886,
chemical tanker 465, combination ore/oil 13, container 605,
liquefied gas 183, livestock carrier 8, passenger 42,
passenger/cargo 77, petroleum tanker 521, refrigerated cargo 298,
roll on/roll off 97, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 256
foreign-owned: 4,388 (Andorra 1, Argentina 9, Australia 3,
Bahamas 1, Belgium 14, Brazil 1, Canada 1, Chile 14, China 310,
Colombia 5, Croatia 1, Cuba 9, Cyprus 7, Denmark 13, Egypt 15,
France 7, Germany 23, Greece 546, Hong Kong 159, India 8,
Indonesia 46, Ireland 1, Isle of Man 2, Israel 3, Italy 8, Japan
1814, Jordan 9, Latvia 2, Lithuania 5, Malaysia 11, Maldives 1,
Malta 1, Mexico 4, Monaco 8, Netherlands 22, New Zealand 1,
Nigeria 6, Norway 66, Pakistan 1, Peru 13, Philippines 15, Poland
19, Portugal 8, Romania 13, Russia 4, Saudi Arabia 4, Singapore
54, South Africa 3, South Korea 292, Spain 41, Sri Lanka 1, Sudan
1, Sweden 4, Switzerland 188, Syria 7, Taiwan 301, Thailand 10,
Trinidad & Tobago 1, Tunisia 1, Turkey 18, Ukraine 9, UAE 83,
United Kingdom 29, United States 88, Venezuela 20, Vietnam 2,
Yemen 1) (2005) |
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Airports:
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105
(2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
44
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total:
61
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 49 (2004 est.)
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Military branches:
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an
amendment to the Constitution abolished the armed forces, but
there are security forces (Panamanian Public Forces or PPF
includes the Panamanian National Police, National Maritime
Service, and National Air Service) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males
age 18-49: 733,031 (2005 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military
service:
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males
age 18-49: 511,905 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$147
million (2004) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1.1%
(2004) |
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Military - note:
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on
10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA
abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by
creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's
Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment
prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but
allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to
counter acts of "external aggression"
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Disputes - international:
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organized
illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the border
region with Panama |
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Illicit drugs:
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major
cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center
for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially
heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center;
negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial
transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major
problem
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Source: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pm.html
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KOSHER DELIGHT MAGAZINE
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